Let's consider available methods to reduce fees for transferring Bitcoins, Ethereum, Stablecoins, and other tokens.
1. Wallets in Applications and Exchanges.
These are so-called Custodial Wallets. Many exchanges, such as Coinbase, Binance, Kraken, allow cryptocurrency transfers between users without fees. Even PayPal offers such a feature. However, such applications do not provide private keys of wallets to their users and effectively manage users' cryptocurrencies on their behalf. For ordinary users, this means a lack of anonymity in crypto transfers, although initially one of the main features of Bitcoin transfers was anonymity (which is still achievable when using applications like Electrum).
2. Keterion App Wallets.
The Keterion app (https://keterion.com) was developed to allow users to transfer cryptocurrencies without fees, without losing anonymity! Like in other applications, transfers in Keterion happen without fees. And you only need an email address to create an account and start using the system. Yes, that's all!
3. Second Layer Solutions (Layer-2)
For Bitcoin, the popular L2 protocol is the Lightning Network. The fee for transfers within LN is 1 Satoshi.
However, to start transfers via the LN protocol, the sender and receiver must open a so-called channel and transfer some amount of Bitcoins into it (an opening transaction is recorded in the Bitcoin blockchain).
When all transactions within the channel are completed, a closing transaction with final balances is recorded in the Bitcoin blockchain. Thus, the cost of using the LN protocol is at least 2 transactions - opening the channel and closing the channel. The wallet that initiates these transactions pays the fees for them. The fee for transfers within the channel is negligible.
This method of transfers is suitable for users who plan to make many small transfers to known recipients in advance. For Ethereum, there are already quite a few popular second-layer protocols. The most popular ones are Polygon, Optimism, Arbitrum. In fact, there are already several dozen L2 protocols. Your application through which you make transactions on Ethereum most likely already supports working with second-layer networks.
There are also many exchanges that can exchange fiat currency directly for tokens on the L2 network. For example, the cost of transferring USDT between two wallets on the Polygon network ranges from $0.001 to $0.01, while in Ethereum, the fee for the same transfer can vary from $2 to $8 (as of April 2024).
